Auxiliary verbs in Jordanian Arabic
Abstract
There are a number of helping verbs in Jordanian Arabic that are confused with light verbs or serial verbs. This paper, first, establishes the criteria on which they have been identified as auxiliary verbs. The paper shows the similarities and differences between the inflection of lexical verbs and aux’s in JA. It also tackles the loss of θ-assigning properties which is the crucial property that differentiates between aux and lexical and serial verbs. Second, given the fact that Arabic has rich verbal morphology which provides enough justification for factoring TP into TP and AspP (and perhaps AgrP), the study adopts an articulated version of the IP, in which inflection is separated into its constituent components, each has a maximal functional projection. The study also builds on Ouhalla's proposal (1990, 2005) that auxiliaries originate outside the VP shell. Based on evidence from the distribution of VP adverbs, negation and floating quantifiers, the paper proposes that auxiliaries in Jordanian Arabic are classified under two lexical auxiliary groups. T-aux are borne in a functional projection under T, but raise to T0 to carry and reflect tense, while Asp-aux are base-generated under Asp0 and only raise to T in the absence of a T-Aux.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Abeillé, A., & Godard, D. (2002). The syntactic structure of French auxiliaries. Language, 404-452.
Abulhaja, L. (1989). The development of negative structures in children: Evidence from Jordanian Arabic. Arab Journal for Humanities, 36, 343-372.
Aguirre, S., & Aguiar, J. (2019, July). A Japanese Word Segmentation Proposal. In Proceedings of the 57th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Student Research Workshop (pp. 429-435).
Akintoye, F.A. (2018). A Comparative Study of French and English Auxiliary Verbs. IJOHMN (International Journal online of Humanities), 4(4), 21-21.
Akmajian, A., Steele, S. M., & Wasow, T. (1979). The category AUX in universal grammar. Linguistic inquiry, 10(1), 1-64.
Alexiadou, A. (1997). Adverb placement: A case study in antisymmetric syntax (Vol. 18). John Benjamins Publishing.
Al-Farahidi, A. (1981). Al-ʕayn. Revised by Mahdi Al-Makhzumi, and Ibrahim Al-Samirra'i. Iraq: Dar Al-Rashid Publishers.
Aoun, J. E., Benmamoun, E., & Choueiri, L. (2009). The syntax of Arabic. Cambridge University Press.
Aoun, J., Choueiri, L., & Hornstein, N. (2001). Resumption, movement, and derivational economy. Linguistic inquiry, 32(3), 371-403.
Arici, F. (2019). Fuzulî’nin Türkçe Divani’ndaki Et-(İt-) Ve Kil-Yardimci Fiilleri İle Kurulan Birleşik Fiiller. Turkish Studies, 14(3), 1057-1075.
Benmamoun, E. (2000). The feature structure of functional categories: A comparative study of Arabic dialects. New York: Oxford University Press.
Bos̆kovic̆, Z̆. (2009). On unvalued uninterpretable features. University of Connecticut.
Bridges, M. (2008). Auxiliary verbs in Uyghur. PhD Thesis. University of Kansas
Carnie, A. (2008). Syntax: A generative introduction. Blackwell Publishing.
Chomsky, N. (1988). Notes on economy of derivation and representation. MIT WPL, 10, 43-75.
Chomsky, N. (2001). Derivation by Phase. In M. Kenstowicz Kane (Ed.), A life in Language. (pp.1-52). Cambridge, MASS: MIT Press.
Cinque, G. (2003). Issues in adverbial syntax. Linguistics, 13, 31-71.
Cole, P., Hara, Y. & Yap, N. (2008). Auxiliary fronting in Peranakan Javanese. Linguistics 44. Cambridge University Press.
Cuvalay, M. (1994). Auxiliary verbs in Arabic. In Engberg-Pedersen, Falster Jakobsen, Schack Rasmussen (Eds), Function and expression in functional grammar (pp. 265-283). Berlin and New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
Emonds, J. (1978). The verbal complex V’-V. Linguistic Inquiry, 9, 151-175.
Fassi-Fehri, A. (1993). Issues in Arabic clauses and words. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Goossens, L. (1985). The auxiliarization of the English modals: A functional grammar view. Working Papers in Functional Grammar 7.
Haegeman, L. (1994). Introduction to government and binding theory. Oxford: Blackwell.
Haegeman, L. and Gueron J. (2005). English Grammar. Blackwell Publishing.
Heine, B. (1993). Auxiliaries: Cognitive force and grammaticalization. Oxord: Oxord University Press.
Hornstein, N., Nunes, J & Grohmann, K. (2010). Understanding minimalism. Cambridge University Press.
Krapova, I. (1997). Auxiliaries and complex tense in Bulgarian. In W. Browne, E. Dornisch, N. Kondrasova and D. Zec (Eds.). Formal approaches to Slavic linguistics. The Cornell Meeting (pp. 320-344). Ann Arbor: Michigan Slavic Publications.
Mardar, A. M. (2018). A Comparative-Contrastive Approach to Auxiliary Verbs in English, Romanian and Italian. Analele Universității” Dunărea de Jos din Galați, Lexic comun/Lexic specializat, 1(19), 156-164.
McCarthy, J. (1993). A case of surface constraint violation. Canadian Journal of Linguistics, 38(2), 169–195.
Moore, J. (1991). Reduced constructions in Spanish. Santa Cruz: University of California.
Ouhalla, J. (1990). Sentential negation, relativised minimality and the aspectual status of auxiliaries. The Linguistic Review, 7, 183-231.
Ouhalla, J. (1991). Functional categories and Parametric variation. London: Routledge.
Ouhalla, J. (1993). Negation, focus and tense: The Arabic maa and laa. Revista di Linguistica 5, 275-300.
Ouhalla, J. (2005). Agreement features: Agreement and antiagreement. Natural Language and Linguistic Theory, 23, 655-686.
Öz, S. (2019). Özbekçede Kiliniş İşlemcisi Olarak Yardimci Fiiller (Master's Thesis, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü).
Pollock, J. (1989). Verb Movement, Universal Grammar, and the Structure of IP. Linguistic Inquiry. 20 (3), 365-424
Radford, A. (2004). Minimalist syntax. Cambridge Univesity Presss.
Rivero, M. (1994). Clause structure and verb movement in the languages of the Balkans. Natural Language and Linguistic Theory, 12(1), 63-120.
Rizzi, L. & Cinque, G. (2008). The cartography of syntactic structure. Studies in Linguistics. CISCL Working Paper, 2, 42-58.
Rizzi, L. (1990). Relativized Minimality. Cambridge: MIT Press.
Rizzi, L. (1997). The fine structure of the left periphery. In L. Haegeman (Ed.), Elements of Grammar (pp. 281-337). Kluwer: Dordrecht.
Rizzi, L. (2004). Locality and left periphery. In Belletti, (Ed.), Structure and beyond: The cartography of syntactic structure (pp. 223-251). New York: Oxford University Press.
Rohrbacher, B. (1999). Morphology-driven syntax: A theory of V to I raising and prosodic drop. Amsterdam: John Benjamin.
Travis, L. (1984). Parameters and effects of word order variation. PhD Dissertation, MIT.
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
ISSN 1305-578X (Online)
Copyright © 2005-2022 by Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies