Origins and causes of the cognitive linguistics

Abstract

The article presents an analysis of the formation of cognitive science in the mainstream of classical linguistics for over three centuries. A step-by-step study shows that the process of the emergence of cognitive linguistics, its basic concepts, originated in the Middle Ages. The main thread of these concepts is the proposition that the experience of human cognition has a universal basis, structures a person's thinking, and his activity. The acceptance that language is a special kind of human activity led to the emergence of the concept of structuring language by its experience and mode of action. The paradigms put forward by him demonstrated that structuring took place not only at the level of semantics, as evidenced by the presence of semantic universals. The emergence of rational grammar also confirmed that structuring also exists at the level of formal linguistic structures, which later led to the emergence of typology, comparative historical linguistics, and various classifications of languages. The merit of cognitive science as a director is that the unconditional differences of languages are also considered and explained within the framework of the cognitive paradigm. Cognitive linguistics, which considers the universalism of human thinking and the template, of a person who knows, reproduces and interprets, makes it possible to bring closer and understand cultural differences between peoples, speakers of different languages, and therefore cultures, and to be tolerant with the natural different representations of the universal realities of human life.